第三百一十四条 货物在运输过程中因不可抗力灭失，未收取运费的，承运人不得要求支付运费；已收取运费的，托运人可以要求返还。
Article 314 Freightage in Case of Force Majeure
Where the cargo was lost in the course of carriage due to force majeure, if the freightage has not been collected, the carrier may not require payment thereof; if the freightage has been collected, the consignor may claim refund.

第三百一十五条 托运人或者收货人不支付运费、保管费以及其他运输费用的，承运人对相应的运输货物享有留置权，但当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 315 Carrier’s Possessory Lien in Case of Non-payment
Where the consignor or consignee fails to pay the freightage, safekeeping fee and other expenses in connection with the carriage of the cargo, the carrier is entitled to a possessory lien on the corresponding portion of the cargo, except otherwise agreed by the parties.

第三百一十六条 收货人不明或者收货人无正当理由拒绝受领货物的，依照本法第一百零一条的规定，承运人可以提存货物。
Article 316 Placing Cargo in Escrow
Where the consignee is not known or refuses to take delivery of the cargo without cause, the carrier may place the cargo in escrow under Article 101 hereof.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四节 多式联运合同
Section Four Multi-modal Carriage Contract


第三百一十七条 多式联运经营人负责履行或者组织履行多式联运合同，对全程运输享有承运人的权利，承担承运人的义务。
Article 317 Rights and Obligations of Multi-modal Carriage Operator
A multi-modal carriage operator is responsible for performing, or arranging for performance of, the multi-modal carriage contract, and it enjoys the rights and assumes the obligations of a carrier throughout the course of carriage.

第三百一十八条 多式联运经营人可以与参加多式联运的各区段承运人就多式联运合同的各区段运输约定相互之间的责任，但该约定不影响多式联运经营人对全程运输承担的义务。
Article 318 Agreement between Multi-modal Carriage Operator and Segment Carriers
The multi-modal carriage operator and the segment carriers may prescribe their respective duties concerning each segment, provided that the obligations of the multi-modal carriage operator with respect to the entire course of carriage are not affected by any such agreement.

第三百一十九条 多式联运经营人收到托运人交付的货物时，应当签发多式联运单据。按照托运人的要求，多式联运单据可以是可转让单据，也可以是不可转让单据。
Article 319 Multi-modal Carriage Document
Upon receipt of the cargo delivered by the consignor, the multi-modal carriage operator shall issue thereto a multi-modal carriage document. The multi-modal carriage document may either be assignable or non-assignable as required by the consignor.

第三百二十条 因托运人托运货物时的过错造成多式联运经营人损失的，即使托运人已经转让多式联运单据，托运人仍然应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 320 Consignor’s Liability Notwithstanding Assignment of Document
Where the multi-modal carriage operator sustains any loss due to the fault of the consignor in the course of consigning the cargo, the consignor shall be liable for damages notwithstanding its subsequent assignment of the multi-modal carriage document.

第三百二十一条 货物的毁损、灭失发生于多式联运的某一运输区段的，多式联运经营人的赔偿责任和责任限额，适用调整该区段运输方式的有关法律规定。货物毁损、灭失发生的运输区段不能确定的，依照本章规定承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 321 Applicable Law Governing Loss of Cargo in Multi-modal Carriage
Where damage to or loss of the cargo occurred within a particular segment of the course of a multi-modal carriage, the multi-modal carriage operator’s liability for damages and any limitation thereon are governed by the applicable transportation law of the jurisdiction which such segment is under. Where the segment in which the cargo was damaged or lost cannot be determined, the liability for damages shall be borne in accordance with this Chapter.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第十八章 技术合同
Chapter Eighteen Technology Contracts

第一节　　一般规定
Section One General Provisions

第三百二十二条 技术合同是当事人就技术开发、转让、咨询或者服务订立的确立相互之间权利和义务的合同。
Article 322 Definition of Technology Contract
A technology contract is a contract whereby the parties prescribe their rights and obligations in respect of the development or transfer of technology, or in respect of technical consulting or service.

第三百二十三条 订立技术合同，应当有利于科学技术的进步，加速科学技术成果的转化、应用和推广。
Article 323 General Requirements Concerning Technology Contract
Conclusion of a technology contract shall be conducive to the advancement of science and technology, and expedite the conversion, application and dissemination of scientific and technological achievements.


第三百二十四条 技术合同的内容由当事人约定，一般包括以下条款：
（一）项目名称；
（二）标的的内容、范围和要求；
（三）履行的计划、进度、期限、地点、地域和方式；
（四）技术情报和资料的保密；
（五）风险责任的承担；
（六）技术成果的归属和收益的分成办法；
（七）验收标准和方法；
（八）价款、报酬或者使用费及其支付方式；
（九）违约金或者损失赔偿的计算方法；
（十）解决争议的方法；
（十一）名词和术语的解释。
与履行合同有关的技术背景资料、可行性论证和技术评价报告、项目任务书和计划书、技术标准、技术规范、原始设计和工艺文件，以及其他技术文档，按照当事人的约定可以作为合同的组成部分。技术合同涉及专利的，应当注明发明创造的名称、专利申请人和专利权人、申请日期、申请号、专利号以及专利权的有效期限。
Article 324 Terms of Technology Contract; Patents
Terms of a technology contract shall be prescribed by the parties, and generally include the following:
(i) project name;
(ii) contents, scope and requirement of the subject matter;
(iii) the plan, schedule, period, place, territory and method of performance;
(iv) confidentiality of technical information and materials;
(v) allocation of responsibilities for risks;
(vi) ownership of the technology and allocation of benefits accrued therefrom;
(vii) standard applicable to and method of acceptance test;
(viii)price, remuneration or licensing fee and the method of payment;
(ix) liquidated damages or method for calculation of damages;
(x) method of dispute resolution;
(xi) definition of terms and phrases.
The parties may agree to include the following materials relating to the performance of the contract as an integral part thereof: technical background information, feasibility studies and technical evaluation report, project task matrix and project plan, technical standard, technical specifications, original design and technique documents, as well as other technical documentation. Where the technology contract involves any patent, it shall set forth the name of the invention/innovation, the patent applicant and the patentee, the date of application, the application number, patent number and the term of the patent.

第三百二十五条 技术合同价款、报酬或者使用费的支付方式由当事人约定，可以采取一次总算、一次总付或者一次总算、分期支付，也可以采取提成支付或者提成支付附加预付入门费的方式。约定提成支付的，可以按照产品价格、实施专利和使用技术秘密后新增的产值、利润或者产品销售额的一定比例提成，也可以按照约定的其他方式计算。提成支付的比例可以采取固定比例、逐年递增比例或者逐年递减比例。
约定提成支付的，当事人应当在合同中约定查阅有关会计帐目的办法。
Article 325 Payment Method; Royalty
The method for payment of the price, remuneration or licensing fee under a technology contract shall be prescribed by the parties, who may prescribe lump-sum payment based on one-time calculation or installment payment based on one-time calculation, and may also prescribe royalty payment or royalty payment plus advance payment of initial fee.
Where a royalty payment method is prescribed, the royalty may be calculated as a percentage of the product price, any increase in product value resulting from exploitation of the patent or use of the technical secret, profit, or product sales, and may also be calculated by any other method prescribed by the parties. The royalty rate may be fixed or subject to annual increase or decrease.
Where a royalty payment is prescribed, the parties shall prescribe in the contract a method for inspection of the relevant accounting books.

第三百二十六条 职务技术成果的使用权、转让权属于法人或者其他组织的，法人或者其他组织可以就该项职务技术成果订立技术合同。法人或者其他组织应当从使用和转让该项职务技术成果所取得的收益中提取一定比例，对完成该项职务技术成果的个人给予奖励或者报酬。法人或者其他组织订立技术合同转让职务技术成果时，职务技术成果的完成人享有以同等条件优先受让的权利。职务技术成果是执行法人或者其他组织的工作任务，或者主要是利用法人或者其他组织的物质技术条件所完成的技术成果。
Article 326 Employee-developed Technology; Definition
Where the right to use and the right to transfer employee-developed technology belong to a legal person or an organization of any other nature, the legal person or organization may enter into a technology contract in respect of such employee-developed technology. The legal person or organization shall reward or remunerate the individual(s) who developed the technology with a percentage of the benefits accrued from the use and transfer of the employee-developed technology. Where the legal person or organization is to enter into a technology contract for the transfer of the employee-developed technology, the employee-developer has the right of first refusal under the same conditions.
An employee-developed technology is a technology developed in the course of completing a task assigned by a legal person or an organization of any other nature, or developed by primarily utilizing the material and technical resources thereof.

第三百二十七条 非职务技术成果的使用权、转让权属于完成技术成果的个人，完成技术成果的个人可以就该项非职务技术成果订立技术合同。
Article 327 Non-employee-developed Technology
The right to use and the right to transfer non-employee-developed technology belong to the individual developer, who may enter into a technology contract in respect thereof.

第三百二十八条 完成技术成果的个人有在有关技术成果文件上写明自己是技术成果完成者的权利和取得荣誉证书、奖励的权利。
Article 328 Individual’s Rights with Respect to Technology Developed Thereby
The individual who developed the technology is entitled to identify himself as the developer in the documentation related thereto, and to receive honor certificate and reward.

第三百二十九条 非法垄断技术、妨碍技术进步或者侵害他人技术成果的技术合同无效。
Article 329 Invalidity of Technology-monopolizing and Infringing Contract
A technology contract which illegally monopolizes technology, impairs technological advancement or infringes on the technology of a third person is invalid.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二节 技术开发合同
Section Two Technology Development Contract

第三百三十条 技术开发合同是指当事人之间就新技术、新产品、新工艺或者新材料及其系统的研究开发所订立的合同。技术开发合同包括委托开发合同和合作开发合同。技术开发合同应当采用书面形式。当事人之间就具有产业应用价值的科技成果实施转化订立的合同，参照技术开发合同的规定。
Article 330 Definition of Technology Development Contract
A technology development contract is a contract concluded in respect of the development of a new technology, product, technique or material and the associated system. Technology development contracts include commissioned development contracts and cooperative development contracts. A technology development contract shall be in writing. A contract on the conversion of a scientific achievement with potential for industrial application is governed by reference to the provisions applicable to technology development contracts.

第三百三十一条 委托开发合同的委托人应当按照约定支付研究开发经费和报酬；提供技术资料、原始数据；完成协作事项；接受研究开发成果。
Article 331 Obligations of Commissioning Party
The commissioning party under a commissioned development contract shall, in accordance with the contract, provide development funds and pay remuneration; supply technical materials and original data; complete its tasks of cooperation; and accept the developed technology.

第三百三十二条 委托开发合同的研究开发人应当按照约定制定和实施研究开发计划；合理使用研究开发经费；按期完成研究开发工作，交付研究开发成果，提供有关的技术资料和必要的技术指导，帮助委托人掌握研究开发成果。
Article 332 Obligations of Developer in Commissioned Development
The developer under a commissioned development contract shall, in accordance with the contract, prepare and implement the development plan; use development funds in a reasonable manner; timely complete the development and deliver the developed technology, as well as provide the relevant technical materials and necessary technical guidance so as to help the commissioning party master the developed technology.

第三百三十三条 委托人违反约定造成研究开发工作停滞、延误或者失败的，应当承担违约责任。
Article 333 Commissioning Party’s Breach
Where the commissioning party breached the contract, thereby causing stoppage, delay or failure of the development, it shall be liable for breach of contract.

第三百三十四条 研究开发人违反约定造成研究开发工作停滞、延误或者失败的，应当承担违约责任。
Article 334 Developer’s Breach
Where the developer breached the contract, thereby causing stoppage, delay or failure of the development, it shall be liable for breach of contract.

第三百三十五条 合作开发合同的当事人应当按照约定进行投资，包括以技术进行投资；分工参与研究开发工作；协作配合研究开发工作。
Article 335 Obligations of Parties in Cooperative Development
Parties to a cooperative development contract shall, in accordance with the contract, make investment, including investment in the form of technology; participate in the development by performing their respective tasks; and cooperate with each other in the development.

第三百三十六条 合作开发合同的当事人违反约定造成研究开发工作停滞、延误或者失败的，应当承担违约责任。
Article 336 Breach of Cooperative Contract
Where a party to a cooperative development contract breached the contract, thereby causing stoppage, delay or failure of the development, it shall be liable for breach of contract.

第三百三十七条 因作为技术开发合同标的的技术已经由他人公开，致使技术开发合同的履行没有意义的，当事人可以解除合同。
Article 337 Termination of Contract in Case Technology Becomes Public
Where the technology which is the subject matter of a technology development contract was made public by a third person, thereby rendering performance of the technology development contract no longer meaningful, the parties may terminate the contract.

第三百三十八条 技术开发合同履行过程中，因出现无法克服的技术困难，致使研究开发失败或者部分失败的，该风险责任由当事人约定。没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，风险责任由当事人合理分担。当事人一方发现前款规定的可能致使研究开发失败或者部分失败的情形时，应当及时通知另一方并采取适当措施减少损失。没有及时通知并采取适当措施，致使损失扩大的，应当就扩大的损失承担责任。
Article 338 Allocation of Responsibility for Risk of Failure; Duty to Inform upon Discovery of Circumstance Which May Lead to Failure.If in the course of implementing a technology development contract, the development failed in whole or in part due to any insurmountable technical difficulty, allocation of the responsibility for such risk shall be prescribed by the parties. Where the allocation of responsibility for such risk was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be
determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, it shall be shared by the parties in a reasonable manner. Where a party discovers any circumstance which may lead to the failure of the development in whole or in part as described in the previous paragraph, it shall timely notify the other party and take the appropriate measures to mitigate loss; where the party failed to timely notify the other party and take the appropriate measures, thereby causing further loss, it shall be liable for such further loss

第三百三十九条 委托开发完成的发明创造，除当事人另有约定的以外，申请专利的权利属于研究开发人。研究开发人取得专利权的，委托人可以免费实施该专利。
研究开发人转让专利申请权的，委托人享有以同等条件优先受让的权利。
Article 339 Right to Patent Application in Commissioned Development
Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the right to apply for patent on the invention/innovation resulting from a commissioned development belongs to the developer. Where the developer is granted a patent, the commissioning party may exploit such patent free of charge.
Where the developer is to assign the right to apply for patent on the invention/innovation resulting from the commissioned development, the commissioning party has the right of first refusal under the same conditions.

第三百四十条 合作开发完成的发明创造，除当事人另有约定的以外，申请专利的权利属于合作开发的当事人共有。当事人一方转让其共有的专利申请权的，其他各方享有以同等条件优先受让的权利。合作开发的当事人一方声明放弃其共有的专利申请权的，可以由另一方单独申请或者由其他各方共同申请。申请人取得专利权的，放弃专利申请权的一方可以免费实施该专利。合作开发的当事人一方不同意申请专利的，另一方或者其他各方不得申请专利。
Article 340 Right to Patent Application in Cooperative Development
Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the right to apply for patent on the invention/innovation resulting from a cooperative development belongs to the parties therein jointly. Where a party is to assign its joint patent application right, the other parties have the right of first refusal under the same conditions. Where a party in the cooperative development declares a waiver of its joint patent application right, the other party may apply by it, or the other parties may jointly apply, as the case may be. Where a patent is granted on the invention/innovation, the party waiving its patent application right may exploit such patent free of charge. If a party in the cooperative development does not consent to the application for patent, the other party or parties may not apply for patent.

第三百四十一条 委托开发或者合作开发完成的技术秘密成果的使用权、转让权以及利益的分配办法，由当事人约定。没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，当事人均有使用和转让的权利，但委托开发的研究开发人不得在向委托人交付研究开发成果之前，将研究开发成果转让给第三人。
Article 341 Right to Use or Transfer Technical Secret
The right to use and transfer the technical secret resulting from a commissioned or cooperative development, and the method for allocation of benefits accrued therefrom shall be prescribed by the parties. Where such matters were not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, all of the parties are entitled to use and transfer the technology, provided that the developer in a commissioned development may not transfer the technology to a third person before it delivers the technology to the commissioning party.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第三节 技术转让合同
Section Three Technology Transfer Contracts

第三百四十二条 技术转让合同包括专利权转让、专利申请权转让、技术秘密转让、专利实施许可合同。技术转让合同应当采用书面形式。
Article 342 Types of Technology Transfer Contract
Technology transfer contracts include contracts for the assignment of patent, assignment of patent application right, transfer of technical secrets, and patent licensing. A technology transfer contract shall be in writing.

第三百四十三条 技术转让合同可以约定让与人和受让人实施专利或者使用技术秘密的范围，但不得限制技术竞争和技术发展。
Article 343 Limit on Scope of Implementation May Not Restrict Competition
A technology transfer contract may set forth the scope of exploitation of the patent or the use of the technical secret by the transferor and the transferee, provided that it may not restrict technological competition and technological development.

第三百四十四条 专利实施许可合同只在该专利权的存续期间内有效。专利权有效期限届满或者专利权被宣布无效的，专利权人不得就该专利与他人订立专利实施许可合同。
Article 344 Term of Patent Licensing Contract May Not Exceed Patent Term
A patent licensing contract is only valid during the term of the patent. Where the term of the patent expires or the patent is invalidated, the patentee may not enter into a patent licensing contract with any other person in respect thereof.

第三百四十五条 专利实施许可合同的让与人应当按照约定许可受让人实施专利，交付实施专利有关的技术资料，提供必要的技术指导。
Article 345 Obligations of Patent Licensor
The transferor under a patent licensing contract shall, in accordance with the contract, license the patent to the transferee, deliver the technical materials related to the exploitation of the patent, and provide the necessary technical guidance.

第三百四十六条 专利实施许可合同的受让人应当按照约定实施专利，不得许可约定以外的第三人实施该专利；并按照约定支付使用费。
Article 346 Obligations of Patent Licensee
The transferee under a patent licensing contract shall exploit the patent in accordance with the contract and may not license the patent to any third person except as provided in the contract; and shall pay the licensing fee in accordance with the contract.

第三百四十七条 技术秘密转让合同的让与人应当按照约定提供技术资料，进行技术指导，保证技术的实用性、可靠性，承担保密义务。
Article 347 Obligations of Transferor of Technical Secret
The transferor under a contract for transfer of technical secret shall, in accordance with the contract, supply the technical materials, provide technical guidance, and warrant the practical applicability and reliability of the technology, and shall abide by its confidentiality obligations.

第三百四十八条 技术秘密转让合同的受让人应当按照约定使用技术，支付使用费，承担保密义务。
Article 348 Obligations of Transferee of Technical Secret
The transferee under a contract for transfer of technical secret shall, in accordance with the contract, use the confidentiality obligations.

第三百四十九条 技术转让合同的让与人应当保证自己是所提供的技术的合法拥有者，并保证所提供的技术完整、无误、有效，能够达到约定的目标。
Article 349 Warranty of Title, Completeness, Correctness and Effectiveness
The transferor under a technology transfer contract shall warrant that it is the lawful owner of the technology provided, and shall warrant that the technology provided is complete, free from error, effective, and capable of achieving the prescribed goals.

第三百五十条 技术转让合同的受让人应当按照约定的范围和期限，对让与人提供的技术中尚未公开的秘密部分，承担保密义务。
Article 350 Transferee’s Confidentiality Obligations
The transferee under a technology transfer contract shall, to the prescribed extent and within the prescribed period, abide by its confidentiality obligations in respect of the non-public and secret portion of the technology provided by the transferor.

第三百五十一条 让与人未按照约定转让技术的，应当返还部分或者全部使用费，并应当承担违约责任；实施专利或者使用技术秘密超越约定的范围的，违反约定擅自许可第三人实施该项专利或者使用该项技术秘密的，应当停止违约行为，承担违约责任；违反约定的保密义务的，应当承担违约责任。
Article 351 Transferor’s Liabilities for Breach
Where the transferor failed to transfer technology in accordance with the contract, it shall refund the licensing fee in part or in whole, and shall be liable for breach of contract; where the transferor exploited the patent or used the technical secret beyond the prescribed scope, or unilaterally allowed the patent to be exploited or the technical secret to be used by a third person in breach of the contract, it shall cease the breach and be liable for breach of contract; where the transferor breached any prescribed confidentiality obligation, it shall be liable for breach of contract.

第三百五十二条 受让人未按照约定支付使用费的，应当补交使用费并按照约定支付违约金；不补交使用费或者支付违约金的，应当停止实施专利或者使用技术秘密，交还技术资料，承担违约责任；实施专利或者使用技术秘密超越约定的范围的，未经让与人同意擅自许可第三人实施该专利或者使用该技术秘密的，应当停止违约行为，承担违约责任；违反约定的保密义务的，应当承担违约责任。
Article 352 Transferee’s Liabilities for Breach
Where the transferee failed to pay the prescribed licensing fee, it shall pay the overdue licensing fee and pay liquidated damages in accordance with the contract; where it failed to pay the overdue licensing fee and liquidated damages, it shall cease exploitation of the patent or use of the technical secret, return the technical materials, and be liable for breach of contract; where the transferee exploited the patent or used the technical secret beyond the prescribed scope, or allowed the patent to be exploited or the technical secret to be used by a third person without consent by the transferor in breach of the contract, it shall cease the breach and be liable for breach of contract; where the transferee breached any prescribed confidentiality obligation, it shall be liable for breach of contract.

第三百五十三条 受让人按照约定实施专利、使用技术秘密侵害他人合法权益的，由让与人承担责任，但当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 353 Transferor Liable in Case of Infringement; Exception
Where the exploitation of the patent or the use of the technical secret by the transferee in accordance with the contract infringes on the lawful interests of any other person, the liability shall be borne by the transferor, except otherwise agreed by the parties.

第三百五十四条 当事人可以按照互利的原则，在技术转让合同中约定实施专利、使用技术秘密后续改进的技术成果的分享办法。没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，一方后续改进的技术成果，其他各方无权分享。
Article 354 Sharing of Improvement
The parties may, on the basis of mutual benefit, provide in the technology transfer contract for the method of sharing any subsequent improvement resulting from the exploitation of the patent or use of the technical secret. If such method was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, neither party is entitled to share any subsequent improvement made by the other party.

第三百五十五条 法律、行政法规对技术进出口合同或者专利、专利申请合同另有规定的，依照其规定。
Article 355 Applicability of Other Laws or Administrative Regulations
Where the relevant laws or administrative regulations provide otherwise in respect of technology import/export contracts or in respect of patent contracts or contracts for patent application, such provisions prevail.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四节 技术咨询合同和技术服务合同
Section Four Technical Consulting Contracts and Technical Service Contracts

第三百五十六条 技术咨询合同包括就特定技术项目提供可行性论证、技术预测、专题技术调查、分析评价报告等合同。技术服务合同是指当事人一方以技术知识为另一方解决特定技术问题所订立的合同，不包括建设工程合同和承揽合同。
Article 356 Definitions of Technical Consulting and Technical Service Contracts
Technical consulting contracts include contracts for provision of feasibility studies, technical forecast, specialized technical investigation, and analysis and evaluation report, etc. in respect of a particular technical project.
A technical service contract means a contract whereby one party solves a particular technical problem for the other party by utilizing its technical knowledge, excluding a contract for construction project or a contract of hired work.

第三百五十七条 技术咨询合同的委托人应当按照约定阐明咨询的问题，提供技术背景材料及有关技术资料、数据；接受受托人的工作成果，支付报酬。
Article 357 Obligations of Client under Technical Consulting Contract
The client under a technical consulting contract shall, in accordance with the contract, describe the problem on which consultancy is sought, provide the technical background information as well as related technical materials and data; and accept the work product from, and pay the remuneration to, the consultant.

第三百五十八条 技术咨询合同的受托人应当按照约定的期限完成咨询报告或者解答问题；提出的咨询报告应当达到约定的要求。
Article 358 Obligations of Consultant under Technical Consulting Contract
The consultant under a technical consulting contract shall complete the consulting report or answer the question within the prescribed period; the consulting report submitted shall comply with the requirements set forth in the contract.


第三百五十九条 技术咨询合同的委托人未按照约定提供必要的资料和数据，影响工作进度和质量，不接受或者逾期接受工作成果的，支付的报酬不得追回，未支付的报酬应当支付。技术咨询合同的受托人未按期提出咨询报告或者提出的咨询报告不符合约定的，应当承担减收或者免收报酬等违约责任。技术咨询合同的委托人按照受托人符合约定要求的咨询报告和意见作出决策所造成的损失，由委托人承担，但当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 359 Remedies for Breach; Consultant Not Liable for Loss
Where the client under a technical consulting contract failed to provide the necessary materials and data in accordance with the contract, thereby impairing the progress and quality of the work, or failed to accept or delayed in accepting the work product, it may not claim refund of the remuneration paid, and shall pay any unpaid remuneration. Where the consultant under the technical consulting contract failed to provide the consulting report within the prescribed period or the consulting report submitted does not comply with the contract, it shall be liable for breach of contract by way of reducing or foregoing the remuneration, etc. The client under a technical consulting contract shall bear the loss resulting from any decision made by it based on the complying consulting report and opinion provided by the consultant, except otherwise agreed by the parties.

第三百六十条 技术服务合同的委托人应当按照约定提供工作条件，完成配合事项；接受工作成果并支付报酬。
Article 360 Obligations of Client under Technical Service Contract
The client under a technical service contract shall, in accordance with the contract, provide the working conditions and complete its tasks of cooperation; accept the work product and pay the remuneration.

第三百六十一条 技术服务合同的受托人应当按照约定完成服务项目，解决技术问题，保证工作质量，并传授解决技术问题的知识。
Article 361 Obligations of Service Provider under Technical Service Contract
The service provider under a technical service contract shall, in accordance with the contract, complete the services, solve the technical problem, warrant the quality of its work, and communicate the knowledge for solving the technical problem.

第三百六十二条 技术服务合同的委托人不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定，影响工作进度和质量，不接受或者逾期接受工作成果的，支付的报酬不得追回，未支付的报酬应当支付。技术服务合同的受托人未按照合同约定完成服务工作的，应当承担免收报酬等违约责任。
Article 362 Remedies for Breach
Where the client under a technical service contract failed to perform its contractual obligations, or rendered non-conforming performance, thereby impairing the progress and quality of the work, or failed to accept or delayed in accepting the work product, it may not claim refund of the remuneration paid, and shall pay any unpaid remuneration. Where the service provider under a technical service contract failed to complete services in accordance with the contract, it shall be liable for breach of contract by way of forgoing the remuneration, etc.

第三百六十三条 技术咨询合同、技术服务合同履行过程中，受托人利用委托人提供的技术资料和工作条件完成的新的技术成果，属于受托人。委托人利用受托人的工作成果完成的新的技术成果，属于委托人。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。
Article 363 Ownership of New Technology in Connection with Technical Consulting/Service Contract
In the course of performing a technical consulting contract or a technical service contract, any new technology developed by the consultant or service provider utilizing the technical materials and working conditions provided by the client belongs to the consultant or service provider. Any new technology developed by the client utilizing the work product provided by the consultant or service provider belongs to the client. However, if the parties agree otherwise in the contract, such provision prevails.

第三百六十四条 法律、行政法规对技术中介合同、技术培训合同另有规定的，依照其规定。
Article 364 Technology Intermediary Service or Technical Training
Where a relevant law or administrative regulation provides otherwise in respect of technology intermediary service contracts or technical training contracts, such provisions prevail.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第十九章 保管合同
Chapter Nineteen: Safekeeping Contracts

第三百六十五条 保管合同是保管人保管寄存人交付的保管物，并返还该物的合同。
Article 365 Definition of Safekeeping Contract
A safekeeping contract is a contract whereby the depository keeps the deposit delivered by the depositor, and eventually returns it thereto.

第三百六十六条 寄存人应当按照约定向保管人支付保管费。当事人对保管费没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，保管是无偿的。
Article 366 Safekeeping Fee
The depositor shall pay the safekeeping fee to the depository in accordance with the contract. Where the safekeeping fee was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, the safekeeping is gratuitous.

第三百六十七条 保管合同自保管物交付时成立，但当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 367 Formation of Safekeeping Contract
A safekeeping contract is formed upon delivery of the deposit, except otherwise agreed by the parties.

第三百六十八条 寄存人向保管人交付保管物的，保管人应当给付保管凭证，但另有交易习惯的除外。
Article 368 Deposit Voucher
Upon the depositor’s delivery of the deposit to the depository, the depository shall issue a deposit voucher thereto, except otherwise provided by the relevant usage.

第三百六十九条 保管人应当妥善保管保管物。当事人可以约定保管场所或者方法。除紧急情况或者为了维护寄存人利益的以外，不得擅自改变保管场所或者方法。
Article 369 Place and Manner of Safekeeping
The depository shall keep the deposit with due care.
The parties may prescribe the place and manner of safekeeping.
The place and manner of safekeeping may not be changed without authorization, except in an emergency situation or for the purpose of safeguarding the depositor’s interests.

第三百七十条 寄存人交付的保管物有瑕疵或者按照保管物的性质需要采取特殊保管措施的，寄存人应当将有关情况告知保管人。寄存人未告知，致使保管物受损失的，保管人不承担损害赔偿责任；保管人因此受损失的，除保管人知道或者应当知道并且未采取补救措施的以外，寄存人应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 370 Depositor’s Obligation to Inform
Where the deposit delivered by the depositor has defects or requires special safekeeping measures in light of its nature, the depositor shall inform the depository of the relevant situation. Where the depositor failed to inform, thereby causing damage to the deposit, the depository is not liable for damages; where the depository sustains any loss as a result, the depositor shall be liable for damages, except where the depository was, or should have been, aware of the situation and failed to take remedial measures.

第三百七十一条 保管人不得将保管物转交第三人保管，但当事人另有约定的除外。保管人违反前款规定，将保管物转交第三人保管，对保管物造成损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 371 Delegation of Safekeeping Prohibited Except with Prior Agreement
The depository may not delegate safekeeping of the deposit to a third person, except otherwise agreed by the parties. Where the depository delegated safekeeping of the deposit to a third person in violation of the previous paragraph, thereby causing damage to the deposit, the depository shall be liable for damages.

第三百七十二条 保管人不得使用或者许可第三人使用保管物，但当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 372 Use of Deposit Prohibited Except with Prior Agreement
The depository may not use, or allow to be used, the deposit, except otherwise agreed by the parties.


第三百七十三条 第三人对保管物主张权利的，除依法对保管物采取保全或者执行的以外，保管人应当履行向寄存人返还保管物的义务。第三人对保管人提起诉讼或者对保管物申请扣押的，保管人应当及时通知寄存人。
Article 373 Depository’s Obligations in Case of Third Party Claim
Where a third person makes a claim on the deposit, the depository shall perform its obligation of returning the deposit to the depositor, except where an order of preservation or enforcement is carried out in respect of the deposit in accordance with the law. Where a third person has initiated a suit against the depository or has applied for attachment of the deposit, the depository shall timely notify the depositor.

第三百七十四条 保管期间，因保管人保管不善造成保管物毁损、灭失的，保管人应当承担损害赔偿责任，但保管是无偿的，保管人证明自己没有重大过失的，不承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 374 Depository Liable in Case of Damage or Loss; Exception
If the deposit was damaged or lost due to improper safekeeping by the depository during the deposit period, the depository shall be liable for damages, provided that if the safekeeping is gratuitous, and the depository has established that it was without gross negligence, it is not liable for damages.

第三百七十五条 寄存人寄存货币、有价证券或者其他贵重物品的，应当向保管人声明，由保管人验收或者封存。寄存人未声明的，该物品毁损、灭失后，保管人可以按照一般物品予以赔偿。
Article 375 Depositor’s Obligation to Declare Valuable Deposit
Where the depositor is to deposit money, securities, or any other valuable item for safekeeping, it shall make a declaration to the depository on such item, which shall be inspected or sealed by the depository. Where the depositor failed to make such declaration, upon damage to or loss of the deposit, the depository may indemnify the depositor to the extent of the value of a regular item.

第三百七十六条 寄存人可以随时领取保管物。当事人对保管期间没有约定或者约定不明确的，保管人可以随时要求寄存人领取保管物；约定保管期间的，保管人无特别事由，不得要求寄存人提前领取保管物。
Article 376 Retrieval of Deposit
The depositor may retrieve the deposit at any time.
Where a deposit period was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, the depository may require the depositor to retrieve the deposit at any time; where a deposit period was prescribed, absent special cause, the depository may not require the depositor to retrieve the deposit before the end of the deposit period.

第三百七十七条 保管期间届满或者寄存人提前领取保管物的，保管人应当将原物及其孳息归还寄存人。
Article 377 Depository’s Obligation to Return Deposit and Fruit
At the end of the deposit period, or if the depositor retrieves the deposit before the end of the deposit period, the depository shall return the original item together with any fruit thereof to the depositor.

第三百七十八条 保管人保管货币的，可以返还相同种类、数量的货币。保管其他可替代物的，可以按照约定返还相同种类、品质、数量的物品。
Article 378 Safekeeping of Fungible Items
Where the depository keeps money deposit, it may return money of the same type and quantity. Where the depository keeps any other fungible item, it may return any item of the same type, quality and quantity in accordance with the contract.

第三百七十九条 有偿的保管合同，寄存人应当按照约定的期限向保管人支付保管费。当事人对支付期限没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，应当在领取保管物的同时支付。
Article 379 Time of Payment of Safekeeping Fee
Under a safekeeping contract for value, the depositor shall pay to the depository the safekeeping fee at the prescribed time.
Where the time of payment of the safekeeping fee was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, the safekeeping fee shall be paid at the same time the deposit is retrieved.

第三百八十条 寄存人未按照约定支付保管费以及其他费用的，保管人对保管物享有留置权，但当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 380 Depository’s Lien in Case of Non-payment
Where the depositor fails to pay the safekeeping fee and other expenses, the depository is entitled to a possessory lien on the deposit, unless otherwise agreed by the parties.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二十章 仓储合同
Chapter Twenty: Warehousing Contracts

第三百八十一条 仓储合同是保管人储存存货人交付的仓储物，存货人支付仓储费的合同。
Article 381 Definition of Warehousing Contract
A warehousing contract is a contract whereby the warehouser stores the goods delivered by the depositor, and the depositor pays the warehousing fee.

第三百八十二条 仓储合同自成立时起生效。
Article 382 Effectiveness of Warehousing Contract
A warehousing contract becomes effective upon its formation.

第三百八十三条 储存易燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蚀性、有放射性等危险物品或者易变质物品，存货人应当说明该物品的性质，提供有关资料。存货人违反前款规定的，保管人可以拒收仓储物，也可以采取相应措施以避免损失的发生，因此产生的费用由存货人承担。保管人储存易燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蚀性、有放射性等危险物品的，应当具备相应的保管条件。
Article 383 Storage of Hazardous Material
Where the depositor intends to store any hazardous material which is inflammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, or radioactive, etc., or any material susceptible to deterioration, it shall describe the nature of the goods and provide the relevant information. Where the depositor violates the previous paragraph, the warehouser may reject the goods and may also take the appropriate measures to prevent loss at the depositor’s expense. Where the warehouser is to store any hazardous material which is inflammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, or radioactive, etc., it shall be equipped with the appropriate safekeeping conditions.

第三百八十四条 保管人应当按照约定对入库仓储物进行验收。保管人验收时发现入库仓储物与约定不符合的，应当及时通知存货人。保管人验收后，发生仓储物的品种、数量、质量不符合约定的，保管人应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 384 Inspection by Warehouser; Passing of Responsibility
The warehouser shall, in accordance with the contract, conduct warehouse-in inspection of the goods. Where in the course of such inspection, the warehouser discovers any non-compliance of the goods; it shall timely notify the depositor. After inspection and acceptance by the warehouser, if any non-compliance in respect of the type, quantity or quality of the goods occurs, the warehouser shall be liable for damages.

第三百八十五条 存货人交付仓储物的，保管人应当给付仓单。
Article 385 Warehouse Receipt
Upon the depositor’s delivery of the goods, the warehouser shall issue thereto a warehouse receipt.

第三百八十六条 保管人应当在仓单上签字或者盖章。仓单包括下列事项：
（一）存货人的名称或者姓名和住所；
（二）仓储物的品种、数量、质量、包装、件数和标记；
（三）仓储物的损耗标准；
（四）储存场所；
（五）储存期间；
（六）仓储费；
（七）仓储物已经办理保险的，其保险金额、期间以及保险人的名称；
（八）填发人、填发地和填发日期。
Article 386 Contents of Warehouse Receipt
The warehouser shall sign or seal the warehouse receipt. The warehouse receipt shall set forth the following:
(i) name and domicile of the depositor;
(ii) the type, quantity, quality, and packing method of the goods, and the number of packages thereof and the marks thereon;
(iii) the depletion standard for the goods;
(iv) the warehousing facility;
(v) the warehousing period;
(vi) the warehousing fee;
(vii) if the goods are insured, the insured amount, term of insurance and the name of the insurer;
(viii)the preparing and issuing person and place and date of preparation and issuance.

第三百八十七条 仓单是提取仓储物的凭证。存货人或者仓单持有人在仓单上背书并经保管人签字或者盖章的，可以转让提取仓储物的权利。
Article 387 Nature and Assignability of Warehouse Receipt
The warehouse receipt is the voucher for retrieving the goods.
Where the depositor or holder of the warehouse receipt has endorsed the warehouse receipt and the warehouser has signed or sealed thereon, the right to retrieve the goods may be assigned.

第三百八十八条 保管人根据存货人或者仓单持有人的要求，应当同意其检查仓储物或者提取样品。
Article 388 Warehouse Receipt Holder’s Right to Inspect
Upon request by the holder of the warehouse receipt, the warehouser shall allow him to inspect the goods or take samples therefrom.

第三百八十九条 保管人对入库仓储物发现有变质或者其他损坏的，应当及时通知存货人或者仓单持有人。
Article 389 Obligation of Warehouser to Notify in Case of Damage
Where the warehouser discovers that the warehoused goods are deteriorating or are otherwise damaged, it shall timely notify the depositor or holder of the warehouse receipt.

第三百九十条 保管人对入库仓储物发现有变质或者其他损坏，危及其他仓储物的安全和正常保管的，应当催告存货人或者仓单持有人作出必要的处置。因情况紧急，保管人可以作出必要的处置，但事后应当将该情况及时通知存货人或者仓单持有人。
Article 390 Warehouser’s Obligations and Rights in Respect of Deteriorating Goods
Where the warehouser discovers that the warehoused goods are deteriorating or are otherwise damaged, thereby endangering other goods and normal safekeeping, it shall demand disposal of the goods by the depositor or the holder of the warehouse receipt as necessary. In an emergency situation, the warehouser may dispose of the goods as necessary, provided that thereafter it shall timely notify the depositor or holder of the warehouse receipt of the situation.

第三百九十一条 当事人对储存期间没有约定或者约定不明确的，存货人或者仓单持有人可以随时提取仓储物，保管人也可以随时要求存货人或者仓单持有人提取仓储物，但应当给予必要的准备时间。
Article 391 Warehousing Period
Where the warehousing period was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, the depositor or holder of the warehouse receipt may retrieve the goods at any time, and the warehouser may require the depositor or holder of the warehouse receipt to retrieve the goods at any time, provided that the other party shall be given the time required for preparation.

第三百九十二条 储存期间届满，存货人或者仓单持有人应当凭仓单提取仓储物。存货人或者仓单持有人逾期提取的，应当加收仓储费；提前提取的，不减收仓储费。
Article 392 Retrieval of Goods
At the end of the warehousing period, the depositor or holder of the warehouse receipt shall retrieve the goods by presenting the warehouse receipt to the warehouser.
Where the depositor or holder of the warehouse receipt delays in retrieving the goods, additional warehousing fee shall be charged; where the goods are retrieved before the end of the warehousing period, the warehousing fee shall not be reduced.

第三百九十三条 储存期间届满，存货人或者仓单持有人不提取仓储物的，保管人可以催告其在合理期限内提取，逾期不提取的，保管人可以提存该物。
Article 393 Placing Goods in Escrow in Case of Failure to Retrieve
At the end of the warehousing period, if the depositor or holder of the warehouse receipt failed to retrieve the goods, the warehouser may demand retrieval within a reasonable period, and if the goods are not retrieved at the end of such period, the warehouser may place the goods in escrow.

第三百九十四条 储存期间，因保管人保管不善造成仓储物毁损、灭失的，保管人应当承担损害赔偿责任。因仓储物的性质、包装不符合约定或者超过有效储存期造成仓储物变质、损坏的，保管人不承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 394 Warehouser’s Liabilities in Case of Damage to Goods
Where the goods were damaged or lost during the warehousing period due to improper safekeeping by the warehouser, it shall be liable for damages.
If the goods deteriorated or were damaged due to their nature, non-conforming packing method, or storage beyond their shelf-life, the warehouser is not liable for damages.

第三百九十五条 本章没有规定的，适用保管合同的有关规定。
Article 395 Provisions Governing Safekeeping Contracts Applicable
A matter not provided for in this Chapter shall be governed by the relevant provision applicable to safekeeping contracts.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二十一章 委托合同
Chapter Twenty One: Agency Appointment Contracts

第三百九十六条 委托合同是委托人和受托人约定，由受托人处理委托人事务的合同。
Article 396 Definition of Agency Appointment Contract
An agency appointment contract is a contract whereby the principal and the agent agree that the agent will handle the principal’s affairs.

第三百九十七条 委托人可以特别委托受托人处理一项或者数项事务，也可以概括委托受托人处理一切事务。
Article 397 Scope of Appointment
The principal may specifically appoint the agent to handle one or more of its affairs, or generally appoint the agent to handle all of its affairs.

第三百九十八条 委托人应当预付处理委托事务的费用。受托人为处理委托事务垫付的必要费用，委托人应当偿还该费用及其利息。
Article 398 Principal’s Obligation to Prepay Expenses
The principal shall prepay the expenses for handling the entrusted affair. Any expense necessary for handling the entrusted affair advanced by the agent shall be repaid with interest by the principal.

第三百九十九条 受托人应当按照委托人的指示处理委托事务。需要变更委托人指示的，应当经委托人同意；因情况紧急，难以和委托人取得联系的，受托人应当妥善处理委托事务，但事后应当将该情况及时报告委托人。
Article 399 Agent’s Obligation to Follow Instruction; Deviation from Instruction
The agent shall handle the entrusted affair in accordance with the instruction of the principal. Any required deviation from the principal’s instruction is subject to consent by the principal; in an emergency where the agent has difficulty contacting the principal, the agent shall properly handle the entrusted affair, provided that thereafter the agent shall timely notify the principal of the situation.

第四百条 受托人应当亲自处理委托事务。经委托人同意，受托人可以转委托。转委托经同意的，委托人可以就委托事务直接指示转委托的第三人，受托人仅就第三人的选任及其对第三人的指示承担责任。转委托未经同意的，受托人应当对转委托的第三人的行为承担责任，但在紧急情况下受托人为维护委托人的利益需要转委托的除外。
Article 400 Delegation of Agency Subject to Consent; Exceptions
The agent shall personally handle the entrusted affair.
Subject to consent by the principal, the agent may delegate the agency to a third person. If the delegation is approved, the principal may issue instructions concerning the entrusted affair directly to the delegate, and the agent is only responsible for its selection of the delegate or its own instruction thereto. Where the agency is delegated without consent, the agent shall be liable for any act of the delegate, except in an emergency where the agent needs to delegate the agency in order to safeguard the interests of the principal.

第四百零一条 受托人应当按照委托人的要求，报告委托事务的处理情况。委托合同终止时，受托人应当报告委托事务的结果。
Article 401 Agent’s Obligation to Inform
Upon request by the principal, the agent shall report on the progress of the entrusted affair. Upon discharge of the agency contract, the agent shall render an account of the entrusted affair.

第四百零二条 受托人以自己的名义，在委托人的授权范围内与第三人订立的合同，第三人在订立合同时知道受托人与委托人之间的代理关系的，该合同直接约束委托人和第三人，但有确切证据证明该合同只约束受托人和第三人的除外。
Article 402 Agent’s Act Binding on Principal; Exceptions
Where the agent, acting within the scope of authority granted by the principal, entered into a contract in its own name with a third person who was aware of the agency relationship between the principal and agent, the contract is directly binding upon the principal and such third person, except where there is conclusive evidence establishing that the contract is only binding upon the agent and such third person.

第四百零三条 受托人以自己的名义与第三人订立合同时，第三人不知道受托人与委托人之间的代理关系的，受托人因第三人的原因对委托人不履行义务，受托人应当向委托人披露第三人，委托人因此可以行使受托人对第三人的权利，但第三人与受托人订立合同时如果知道该委托人就不会订立合同的除外。受托人因委托人的原因对第三人不履行义务，受托人应当向第三人披露委托人，第三人因此可以选择受托人或者委托人作为相对人主张其权利，但第三人不得变更选定的相对人。委托人行使受托人对第三人的权利的，第三人可以向委托人主张其对受托人的抗辩。第三人选定委托人作为其相对人的，委托人可以向第三人主张其对受托人的抗辩以及受托人对第三人的抗辩。
Article 403 Agent’s Non-performance toward Principal Due to Act of Third Person; Non-performance toward Third Person Due to Act of Principal
Where the agent entered into a contract in its own name with a third person who was not aware of the agency relationship between the agent and the principal, if the agent failed to perform its obligation toward the principal due to any reason attributable to such third person, the agent shall disclose the third person to the principal, allowing it to exercise the agent’s rights against such third person, except where the third person would not have entered into the contract with the agent had it known the identity of the principal. Where the agent failed to perform its obligation toward the third person due to any reason attributable to the principal, the agent shall disclose the principal to the third person, allowing the third person to select in alternative either the principal or the agent as the other contract party against whom to make a claim, provided that the third person may not subsequently change its selection of the contract party. Where the principal exercises the rights of the agent against the third person, the third person may avail itself of any defense it has against the agent. Where the third person selects the principal as the other party to the contract, the principal may avail itself of any defense it has against the agent as well as any defense the agent has against the third person.

第四百零四条 受托人处理委托事务取得的财产，应当转交给委托人。
Article 404 Property Acquired by Agent
Any property acquired by the agent in the course of handling the entrusted affair shall be turned over to the principal.

第四百零五条 受托人完成委托事务的，委托人应当向其支付报酬。因不可归责于受托人的事由，委托合同解除或者委托事务不能完成的，委托人应当向受托人支付相应的报酬。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。
Article 405 Remuneration to Agent
Upon completion of the entrusted affair by the agent, the principal shall pay the remuneration thereto. Where the agency appointment contract is terminated or the entrusted affair is not capable of being completed due to any reason not attributable to the agent, the principal shall pay to the agent an appropriate amount of remuneration. If the parties have agreed otherwise, such agreement prevails.

第四百零六条 有偿的委托合同，因受托人的过错给委托人造成损失的，委托人可以要求赔偿损失。无偿的委托合同，因受托人的故意或者重大过失给委托人造成损失的，委托人可以要求赔偿损失。受托人超越权限给委托人造成损失的，应当赔偿损失。
Article 406 Liability of Agent; Unauthorized Act
Under an agency appointment contract for value, if the principal sustains any loss due to the fault of the agent, the principal may claim damages. Under a gratuitous agency appointment contract, if the principal sustains any loss due to the agent’s intentional misconduct or gross negligence, the principal may claim damages.
Where the agent acted beyond the scope of authorization, thereby causing loss to the principal, it shall pay damages.

第四百零七条 受托人处理委托事务时，因不可归责于自己的事由受到损失的，可以向委托人要求赔偿损失。
Article 407 Agent Entitled to Indemnification in Case of Loss
In the course of handling the entrusted affair, if the agent sustains any loss due to a reason not attributable to itself, the agent may seek indemnification from the principal.

第四百零八条 委托人经受托人同意，可以在受托人之外委托第三人处理委托事务。因此给受托人造成损失的，受托人可以向委托人要求赔偿损失。
Article 408 Additional Appointment by Principal Subject to Consent
Subject to consent by the agent, the principal may, in addition to appointing the agent, also appoint a third person to handle the entrusted affair. If such appointment results in loss to the agent, it may seek indemnification from the principal.

第四百零九条 两个以上的受托人共同处理委托事务的，对委托人承担连带责任。
Article 409 Joint and Several Liability of Joint Agents
Where two or more agents jointly handle the entrusted affair, they are jointly and severally liable to the principal.

第四百一十条 委托人或者受托人可以随时解除委托合同。因解除委托合同给对方造成损失的，除不可归责于该当事人的事由以外，应当赔偿损失。
Article 410 Right to Terminate at Any Time
Either the principal or the agent may terminate the agency appointment contract at any time. Where the other party sustains any loss due to termination of the contract, the terminating party shall indemnify the other party, unless such loss is due to a reason not attributable to the terminating party.

第四百一十一条 委托人或者受托人死亡、丧失民事行为能力或者破产的，委托合同终止，但当事人另有约定或者根据委托事务的性质不宜终止的除外。
Article 411 Discharge Due to Incapacitation
An agency appointment contract is discharged when either the principal or the agent is deceased or incapacitated or enters into bankruptcy, except where the parties have agreed otherwise, or where discharge is inappropriate in light of the nature of the entrusted affair.

第四百一十二条 因委托人死亡、丧失民事行为能力或者破产，致使委托合同终止将损害委托人利益的，在委托人的继承人、法定代理人或者清算组织承受委托事务之前，受托人应当继续处理委托事务。
Article 412 Agent’s Obligations in Case of Principal’s Incapacitation
Where discharge of the agency appointment contract due to the death, incapacitation or bankruptcy of the principal will harm the principal’s interests, the agent shall continue to handle the entrusted affair before an heir, legal agent or liquidation team thereof takes over the entrusted affair.

第四百一十三条 因受托人死亡、丧失民事行为能力或者破产，致使委托合同终止的，受托人的继承人、法定代理人或者清算组织应当及时通知委托人。因委托合同终止将损害委托人利益的，在委托人作出善后处理之前，受托人的继承人、法定代理人或者清算组织应当采取必要措施。
Article 413 Heir’s Obligations in Case of Agent’s Incapacitation
If the agency appointment contract is discharged as a result of the death, incapacitation or bankruptcy of the agent, the heir, legal agent or liquidation team thereof shall timely notify the principal. Where discharge of the agency contract will harm the principal’s interests, before the principal makes any care-taking arrangement, the heir, legal agent or liquidation team of the agent shall take the necessary measures.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二十二章 行纪合同
Chapter Twenty Two Trading-Trust Contracts

第四百一十四条 行纪合同是行纪人以自己的名义为委托人从事贸易活动，委托人支付报酬的合同。
Article 414 Definition of Trading-Trust Contract
A trading-trust contract is a contract whereby the trustee-trader conducts trading activities in its own name for the trustor, and the trustor pays the remuneration.

第四百一十五条 行纪人处理委托事务支出的费用，由行纪人负担，但当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 415 Expenses Borne by Trustee-trader
The expenses incurred by the trustee-trader in the course of handling the entrusted affair shall be borne by the trustee-trader, except otherwise agreed by the parties.


第四百一十六条 行纪人占有委托物的，应当妥善保管委托物。
Article 416 Trustee-trader’s Obligation to Exercise Due Care
Where the trustee-trader is in possession of the trust item, it shall keep the trust item with due care.

第四百一十七条 委托物交付给行纪人时有瑕疵或者容易腐烂、变质的，经委托人同意，行纪人可以处分该物；和委托人不能及时取得联系的，行纪人可以合理处分。
Article 417 Disposal of Defective Trust Item by Trustee-trader
If a trust item was defective, perishable or susceptible to deterioration at the time it was delivered to the trustee-trader, upon consent by the trustor, the trustee-trader may dispose of the item; where the trustee-trader is unable to contact the trustor in time, it may dispose of the trust item in a reasonable manner.

第四百一十八条 行纪人低于委托人指定的价格卖出或者高于委托人指定的价格
买入的，应当经委托人同意。未经委托人同意，行纪人补偿其差额的，该买卖对委托人发生效力。行纪人高于委托人指定的价格卖出或者低于委托人指定的价格买入的，可以按照约定增加报酬。没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，该利益属于委托人。委托人对价格有特别指示的，行纪人不得违背该指示卖出或者买入。
Article 418 Pricing of Trust Item
Where the trustee-trader is to sell the trust item below, or buy the trust item above, the price designated by the trustor, it shall obtain consent from the trustor. If such sale was effected without consent by the trustor, and the trustee-trader made up the deficiency on its own, it is　binding on the trustor. Where the trustee-trader sold the trust item above, or purchased the trust item below, the price designated by the trustor, the remuneration may be increased in accordance with the contract. Where such matter was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, the benefit belongs to the trustor. Where the trustor gives special pricing instruction, the trustee-trader may not make any sale or purchase in contravention thereof.

第四百一十九条 行纪人卖出或者买入具有市场定价的商品，除委托人有相反的意思表示的以外，行纪人自己可以作为买受人或者出卖人。行纪人有前款规定情形的，仍然可以要求委托人支付报酬。
Article 419 Trustee-trader Acting as Purchaser or Seller
Where the trustee-trader is to sell or purchase a commodity the price of which is fixed by the market, the trustee-trader may act as the purchaser or seller itself, unless the trustor has otherwise manifested its intention.
Where the trustee-trader is in a situation described in the previous paragraph, it may still require payment of remuneration from the trustor.

第四百二十条 行纪人按照约定买入委托物，委托人应当及时受领。经行纪人催告，委托人无正当理由拒绝受领的，行纪人依照本法第一百零一条的规定可以提存委托物。委托物不能卖出或者委托人撤回出卖，经行纪人催告，委托人不取回或者不处分该物的，行纪人依照本法第一百零一条的规定可以提存委托物。
Article 420 Trustor’s Obligation to Take Delivery; Trustee-trader’s Remedies in Case of Trustor’s Failure to Take Delivery
Once the trustee-trader purchased the trust item in accordance with the contract, the trustor shall timely take delivery. Where after receiving demand from the trustee-trader, the trustor refuses to take delivery without cause, the trustee-trader may place the trust item in escrow in accordance with Article 101 hereof. Where the trust item fails to be sold or the trustor withdraws it from sale, the trustee-trader may place the trust item in escrow in accordance with Article 101 hereof if the trustor fails to retrieve or dispose of it after receiving such demand from trustee-trader.

第四百二十一条 行纪人与第三人订立合同的，行纪人对该合同直接享有权利、承担义务。第三人不履行义务致使委托人受到损害的，行纪人应当承担损害赔偿责任，但行纪人与委托人另有约定的除外。
Article 421 Trustee-trader’s Rights and Obligations as Party to Contract with Third Person
Where the trustee-trader entered into a contract with a third person, it directly enjoys the rights and assumes the obligations thereunder. Where the third person failed to perform its obligations, thereby causing damage to the trustor, the trustee-trader shall be liable for damages, except otherwise agreed by the trustee-trader and the trustor.

第四百二十二条 行纪人完成或者部分完成委托事务的，委托人应当向其支付相应的报酬。委托人逾期不支付报酬的，行纪人对委托物享有留置权，但当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 422 Trustee-trader’s Right to Remuneration; Possessory Lien in Case of Non-payment
Where the trustee-trader has completed the entrusted matter or has partially completed the entrusted matter, the trustor shall pay the appropriate remuneration thereto. Where the trustor fails to pay the remuneration within the prescribed period, the trustee-trader is entitled to a possessory lien on the trust item, except otherwise agreed by the parties.

第四百二十三条 本章没有规定的，适用委托合同的有关规定。
Article 423 Provisions Governing Agency Appointment Contracts Applicable
A matter not provided for in this Chapter shall be governed by the relevant provision applicable to agency appointment contracts.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二十三章 居间合同
Chapter Twenty Three: Brokerage Contracts


第四百二十四条 居间合同是居间人向委托人报告订立合同的机会或者提供订立合同的媒介服务，委托人支付报酬的合同。
Article 424 Definition of Brokerage Contract
A brokerage contract is a contract whereby the broker presents to the client an opportunity for entering into a contract or provides the client with intermediary services in connection with the conclusion thereof, and the client pays the remuneration.

第四百二十五条 居间人应当就有关订立合同的事项向委托人如实报告。居间人故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况，损害委托人利益的，不得要求支付报酬并应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 425 Broker’s Obligation to Provide True Information
The broker shall provide true information concerning matters relevant to the conclusion of the proposed contract.
Where the broker intentionally concealed any material fact or provided false information in connection with the conclusion of the proposed contract, thereby harming the client’s interests, it may not require payment of any remuneration and shall be liable for damages.

第四百二十六条 居间人促成合同成立的，委托人应当按照约定支付报酬。对居间人的报酬没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，根据居间人的劳务合理确定。因居间人提供订立合同的媒介服务而促成合同成立的，由该合同的当事人平均负担居间人的报酬。居间人促成合同成立的，居间活动的费用，由居间人负担。
Article 426 Broker Entitled to Remuneration
Once the broker facilitated the formation of the proposed contract, the client shall pay the remuneration in accordance with the brokerage contract. Where remuneration to the broker was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot bedetermined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, it shall be reasonably fixed in light of the amount of labor expended by the broker. Where the broker facilitated the formation of the proposed contract by providing intermediary services in connection therewith, the remuneration paid to the broker shall be equally borne by parties thereto.
Where the broker facilitated the formation of the proposed contract, the brokerage expenses shall be borne by itself.

第四百二十七条 居间人未促成合同成立的，不得要求支付报酬，但可以要求委托人支付从事居间活动支出的必要费用。
Article 427 Broker Entitled to Reimbursement in Case of Failure to Conclude Proposed Contract
Where the broker failed to facilitate the formation of the proposed contract, it may not require payment of remuneration, provided that it may require the client to reimburse the necessary brokerage expenses incurred.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
附　　 则
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS


第四百二十八条 本法自1999年10月1日起施行，《中华人民共和国经济合同法》、《中华人民共和国涉外经济合同法》、《中华人民共和国技术合同法》同时废止。
Article 428 Effectiveness; Repealing Certain Laws
This Law shall take effect as from October 1, 1999, and the Economic Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Foreign-related Economic Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China, and the Technology Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China shall be repealed simultaneously.

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