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SPECIFIC PROVISIONS

第九章 买卖合同
Chapter Nine: Sales Contracts

第一百三十条 买卖合同是出卖人转移标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。
Article 130 Definition of Sales Contract
A sales contract is a contract whereby the seller transfers title to the subject matter to the buyer, who pays the price.

第一百三十一条 买卖合同的内容除依照本法第十二条的规定以外，还可以包括包装方式、检验标准和方法、结算方式、合同使用的文字及其效力等条款。
Article 131 Additional Terms
In addition to the terms set forth in Article 12 hereof, a sales contract may include terms such as packing method, inspection standard and inspection method, method of settlement of account, and the language versions of the contract and the authenticity thereof, etc.

第一百三十二条 出卖的标的物，应当属于出卖人所有或者出卖人有权处分。法律、行政法规禁止或者限制转让的标的物，依照其规定。
Article 132 Title or Disposal Power; Prohibition of or Restriction on Transfer
The seller shall have title to, or the power to dispose of, the subject matter for sale.
Where a law or administrative regulation prohibits or restricts the transfer of the subject matter, such provision applies.

第一百三十三条 标的物的所有权自标的物交付时起转移，但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 133 Passing of Title
Title to the subject matter passes at the time of its delivery, except otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties.

第一百三十四条 当事人可以在买卖合同中约定买受人未履行支付价款或者其他义务的，标的物的所有权属于出卖人。
Article 134 Conditional Sale
The parties may prescribe in the sales contract that title to the subject matter remain in the seller until the buyer has paid the price or has performed other obligations.


第一百三十五条 出卖人应当履行向买受人交付标的物或者交付提取标的物的单证，并转移标的物所有权的义务。
Article 135 Seller’s Obligations with Respect to Title Transfer
The seller shall perform the obligations of delivering to the buyer the subject matter or the document for taking delivery thereof, as well as transferring title to the subject matter.

第一百三十六条 出卖人应当按照约定或者交易习惯向买受人交付提取标的物单证以外的有关单证和资料。
Article 136 Delivery of Related Materials by Seller
In addition to the document for taking delivery, the seller shall deliver to the buyer documents and materials related to the subject matter in accordance with the contract or in accordance with the relevant usage.

第一百三十七条 出卖具有知识产权的计算机软件等标的物的，除法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的以外，该标的物的知识产权不属于买受人。
Article 137 Sales Involving Intellectual Property
In a sale of any subject matter which contains intellectual property such as computer software, etc., the intellectual property in the subject matter does not vest in the buyer, except otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties.

第一百三十八条 出卖人应当按照约定的期限交付标的物。约定交付期间的，出卖人可以在该交付期间内的任何时间交付。
Article 138 Time of Delivery
The seller shall deliver the subject matter at the prescribed time. Where the contract prescribes a period during which delivery is to take place, the seller may deliver at any time during the delivery period.

第一百三十九条 当事人没有约定标的物的交付期限或者约定不明确的，适用本法第六十一条、第六十二条第四项的规定。
Article 139 Absence of Provision for Time of Delivery
Where the time for delivery of the subject matter was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, Article 61 and Item 4 of Article 62 apply.

第一百四十条 标的物在订立合同之前已为买受人占有的，合同生效的时间为交付时间。
Article 140 Time of Delivery of Subject Matter Already in Buyer’s Possession
Where the subject matter was in buyer’s possession prior to conclusion of the contract, the time when the contract becomes effective is the time of delivery.

第一百四十一条 出卖人应当按照约定的地点交付标的物。当事人没有约定交付地点或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，适用下列规定：
(一)标的物需要运输的，出卖人应当将标的物交付给第一承运人以运交给买受人；
(二)标的物不需要运输，出卖人和买受人订立合同时知道标的物在某一地点的，出卖人应当在该地点交付标的物；不知道标的物在某一地点的，应当在出卖人订立合同时的营业地交付标的物。
Article 141 Absence of Provision for Place of Delivery
The seller shall deliver the subject matter at the prescribed place. Where the place of delivery was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, the following provisions apply:
(i) If the subject matter needs carriage, the seller shall deliver the subject matter to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer;
(ii) Where the subject matter does not need carriage, if at the time of conclusion of the contract, the buyer and the seller knew the subject matter was at a particular place, the seller shall deliver the subject matter at such place; and if they did not know the location of the subject matter, delivery shall take place at the seller’s place of business at the time of conclusion of the contract.

第一百四十二条 标的物毁损、灭失的风险，在标的物交付之前由出卖人承担，交付之后由买受人承担，但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 142 Passing of Risk
The risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter is borne by the seller prior to delivery, and by the buyer after delivery, except otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties.

第一百四十三条 因买受人的原因致使标的物不能按照约定的期限交付的，买受人应当自违反约定之日起承担标的物毁损、灭失的风险。
Article 143 Risk Allocation in Case of Delayed Delivery
Where the subject matter was not delivered at the prescribed time due to any reason attributable to the buyer, the buyer shall bear the risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter as from the date of breach.

第一百四十四条 出卖人出卖交由承运人运输的在途标的物，除当事人另有约定的以外，毁损、灭失的风险自合同成立时起由买受人承担。
Article 144 Risk Allocation for Subject Matter in Transit
Where the seller sells the subject matter which has been delivered to a carrier for transportation and is in transit, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the risk of damage or loss is borne by the buyer as from the time of formation of the contract.

第一百四十五条 当事人没有约定交付地点或者约定不明确，依照本法第一百四十一条第二款第一项的规定标的物需要运输的，出卖人将标的物交付给第一承运人后，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担。
Article 145 Passing of Risk in Case of Seller Arranged Carriage
Where the place of delivery was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, if the subject matter needs carriage as provided in Item (i) of Paragraph 2 of Article 141, the risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter is borne by the buyer as from the time the seller delivers the subject matter to the first carrier.

第一百四十六条 出卖人按照约定或者依照本法第一百四十一条第二款第二项的规定将标的物置于交付地点，买受人违反约定没有收取的，标的物毁损、灭失的风险自违反约定之日起由买受人承担。
Article 146 Risk Allocation in Case of Delay in Taking Delivery
Where the seller placed the subject matter at the place of delivery in accordance with the contract or in accordance with Item (ii) of Paragraph 2 of Article 141 hereof and the buyer　fails to take delivery in breach of the contract, the risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter is borne by the buyer as from the date of breach.

第一百四十七条 出卖人按照约定未交付有关标的物的单证和资料的，不影响标的物毁损、灭失风险的转移。
Article 147 Passing of Risk Notwithstanding Failure to Deliver Documents
Failure by the seller to deliver the documents and materials relating to the subject matter in accordance with the contract does not affect passing of the risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter.

第一百四十八条 因标的物质量不符合质量要求，致使不能实现合同目的的，买受人可以拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同。买受人拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同的，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由出卖人承担。
Article 148 Rejection on Grounds of Quality Non-compliance; Risk Allocation in Case of Rejection
Where the purpose of the contract is frustrated due to failure of the subject matter to meet the quality requirements, the buyer may reject the subject matter or terminate the contract. If the buyer rejects the subject matter or terminates the contract, the risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter is borne by the seller.

第一百四十九条 标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担的，不影响因出卖人履行债务不符合约定，买受人要求其承担违约责任的权利。
Article 149 Right to Remedy Notwithstanding Assumption of Risk
Buyer’s assumption of the risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter does not prejudice its right to hold the seller liable for breach of contract if the seller rendered non-conforming performance.

第一百五十条 出卖人就交付的标的物，负有保证第三人不得向买受人主张任何权利的义务，但法律另有规定的除外。
Article 150 Third Party Claim Warranty
The seller is obligated to warrant that the buyer will be free from any third party claim against it in respect of the subject matter delivered, except otherwise provided by law.

第一百五十一条 买受人订立合同时知道或者应当知道第三人对买卖的标的物享有权利的，出卖人不承担本法第一百五十条规定的义务。
Article 151 Buyer’s Knowledge Releasing Third Party Claim Warranty
Where the buyer knew or should have known that the subject matter was subject to a third party claim at the time of conclusion of the contract, the seller does not assume the obligation prescribed in Article 150 hereof

第一百五十二条 买受人有确切证据证明第三人可能就标的物主张权利的，可以中止支付相应的价款，但出卖人提供适当担保的除外。
Article 152 Right to Withhold Payment in Case of Third Party Claim
Where the buyer has conclusive evidence establishing that a third person may make a claim on the subject matter, it may withhold payment of the corresponding price, except where the seller has provided appropriate assurance.

第一百五十三条 出卖人应当按照约定的质量要求交付标的物。出卖人提供有关标的物质量说明的，交付的标的物应当符合该说明的质量要求。
Article 153 Quality Specifications
The seller shall deliver the subject matter in compliance with the prescribed quality requirements. Where the seller gave quality specifications for the subject matter, the subject matter delivered shall comply with the quality requirements set forth therein.

第一百五十四条 当事人对标的物的质量要求没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，适用本法第六十二条第一项的规定。
Article 154 Absence of Prescribed Quality Requirements
Where the quality requirements for the subject matter were not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, Item (i) of Article 62 hereof applies.

第一百五十五条 出卖人交付的标的物不符合质量要求的，买受人可以依照本法第一百一十一条的规定要求承担违约责任。
Article 155 Quality Non-compliance Giving Rise to Claims
If the subject matter delivered by the seller fails to comply with the quality requirements, the buyer may hold the seller liable for breach of contract in accordance with Article 111 hereof.

第一百五十六条 出卖人应当按照约定的包装方式交付标的物。对包装方式没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，应当按照通用的方式包装，没有通用方式的，应当采取足以保护标的物的包装方式。
Article 156 Packing Method
The seller shall deliver the subject matter packed in the prescribed manner. Where a packing method was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, the subject matter shall be packed in a customary manner, or, if there is no customary manner, in a manner adequate to protect the subject matter.

第一百五十七条 买受人收到标的物时应当在约定的检验期间内检验。没有约定检验期间的，应当及时检验。
Article 157 Inspection upon Receipt of Subject Matter
Upon receipt of the subject matter, the buyer shall inspect it within the prescribed inspection period. Where no inspection period was prescribed, the buyer shall timely inspect the subject matter.

第一百五十八条 当事人约定检验期间的，买受人应当在检验期间内将标的物的数量或者质量不符合约定的情形通知出卖人。买受人怠于通知的，视为标的物的数量或者质量符合约定。当事人没有约定检验期间的，买受人应当在发现或者应当发现标的物的数量或者质量不符合约定的合理期间内通知出卖人。买受人在合理期间内未通知或者自标的物收到之日起两年内未通知出卖人的，视为标的物的数量或者质量符合约定，但对标的物有质量保证期的，适用质量保证期，不适用该两年的规定。出卖人知道或者应当知道提供的标的物不符合约定的，买受人不受前两款规定的通知时间的限制。
Article 158 Consequence of Failure to Inspect; Exceptions
Where an inspection period was prescribed, the buyer shall notify the seller of any non-compliance in quantity or quality of the subject matter within such inspection period. Where the buyer delayed in notifying the seller, the quantity or quality of the subject matter is deemed to comply with the contract. Where no inspection period was prescribed, the buyer shall notify the seller within a reasonable period, commencing on the date when the buyer discovered or should have discovered the quantity or quality non-compliance. If the buyer fails to notify within a reasonable period or fails to notify within 2 years, commencing on the date when it received the subject matter, the quantity or quality of the subject matter is deemed to comply with the contract, except that if there is a warranty period in respect of the subject matter, the warranty period applies and supersedes such two year period. Where the seller knew or should have known the non-compliance of the subject matter, the buyer is not subject to the time limits for notification prescribed in the previous two paragraphs.

第一百五十九条 买受人应当按照约定的数额支付价款。对价款没有约定或者约定不明确的，适用本法第六十一条、第六十二条第二项的规定。
Article 159 Absence of Price Provision
The buyer shall pay the price in the prescribed amount. Where the price was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, the provisions of Article 61 and Item (ii) of Article 62 apply.

第一百六十条 买受人应当按照约定的地点支付价款。对支付地点没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，买受人应当在出卖人的营业地支付，但约定支付价款以交付标的物或者交付提取标的物单证为条件的，在交付标的物或者交付提取标的物单证的所在地支付。
Article 160 Place of Payment
The buyer shall pay the price at the prescribed place. Where the place of payment was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, the buyer shall make payment at the seller’s place of business, provided that if the parties agreed that payment shall be conditional upon delivery of the subject matter or the document for taking delivery thereof, payment shall be made at the place where the subject matter, or the document for taking delivery thereof, is delivered.

第一百六十一条 买受人应当按照约定的时间支付价款。对支付时间没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，买受人应当在收到标的物或者提取标的物单证的同时支付。
Article 161 Time of Payment
The buyer shall pay the price at the prescribed time. Where the time for payment was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, the buyer shall make payment at the same time it receives the subject matter or the document for taking delivery thereof.

第一百六十二条 出卖人多交标的物的，买受人可以接收或者拒绝接收多交的部分。买受人接收多交部分的，按照合同的价格支付价款；买受人拒绝接收多交部分的，应当及时通知出卖人。
Article 162 Buyer’s Option in Case Delivered Quantity Exceeds Prescribed Amount
Where the seller delivered the subject matter in a quantity greater than that prescribed in the contract, the buyer may accept or reject the excess quantity. Where the buyer accepts the excess quantity, it shall pay the price based on the contract rate; where the buyer rejects the excess quantity, it shall timely notify the seller.

第一百六十三条 标的物在交付之前产生的孳息，归出卖人所有，交付之后产生的孳息，归买受人所有。
Article 163 Title to Fruits Before and After Delivery
The fruits of the subject matter belong to the seller if accrued before delivery, and to the buyer if accrued after delivery.

第一百六十四条 因标的物的主物不符合约定而解除合同的，解除合同的效力及于从物。因标的物的从物不符合约定被解除的，解除的效力不及于主物。
Article 164 Effect of Termination on Grounds of Non-compliance of Main or Ancillary Components
Where a contract is terminated due to non-compliance of any main component of the subject matter, the effect of termination extends to the ancillary components. Where the contract is terminated due to non-compliance of any ancillary component of the subject matter, the effect of termination does not extend to the main components.

第一百六十五条 标的物为数物，其中一物不符合约定的，买受人可以就该物解除，但该物与他物分离使标的物的价值显受损害的，当事人可以就数物解除合同。
Article 165 Termination in Part or in Whole
Where the subject matter comprises of a number of components, one of which does not comply with the contract, the buyer may terminate the portion of the contract in respect of such component, provided that if severance of such component with the other components will significantly diminish the value of the subject matter, the party may terminate the contract in respect of such number of components.

第一百六十六条 出卖人分批交付标的物的，出卖人对其中一批标的物不交付或者交付不符合约定，致使该批标的物不能实现合同目的的，买受人可以就该批标的物解除。出卖人不交付其中一批标的物或者交付不符合约定，致使今后其他各批标的物的交付不能实现合同目的的，买受人可以就该批以及今后其他各批标的物解除。买受人如果就其中一批标的物解除，该批标的物与其他各批标的物相互依存的，可以就已经交付和未交付的各批标的物解除。
Article 166 Effect of Termination in Case of Delivery in Installments
Where the seller is to deliver the subject matter in installments, if the seller’s failure to deliver or non-conforming delivery of one installment frustrates the purpose of the contract in respect of such installment, the buyer may terminate the portion of the contract in respect thereof. If the seller’s failure to deliver or non-conforming delivery of one installment frustrates the purpose of the contract in respect of all subsequent installments notwithstanding their delivery, the buyer may terminate the portion of the contract in respect of such installment as well as any subsequent installment. If the buyer is to terminate the portion of the contract in respect of a particular installment which is interdependent with all other installments, it may terminate the contract in respect of all delivered and undelivered installments.

第一百六十七条 分期付款的买受人未支付到期价款的金额达到全部价款的五分之一的，出卖人可以要求买受人支付全部价款或者解除合同。出卖人解除合同的，可以向买受人要求支付该标的物的使用费。
Article 167 Termination in Case of Sale by Installment Payment
In a sale by installment payment, where the buyer failed to make payments as they became due, if the delinquent amount has reached one fifth of the total price, the seller may require payment of the full price from the buyer or terminate the contract. If the seller terminates the contract, it may require the buyer to pay a fee for its use of the subject matter.

第一百六十八条 凭样品买卖的当事人应当封存样品，并可以对样品质量予以说明。出卖人交付的标的物应当与样品及其说明的质量相同。
Article 168 Quality Provisions in Case of Sale by Sample
In a sale by sample, the parties shall place the sample under seal, and may specify the quality of the sample. The subject matter delivered by the seller shall comply with the sample as well as the quality specifications.

第一百六十九条 凭样品买卖的买受人不知道样品有隐蔽瑕疵的，即使交付的标的物与样品相同，出卖人交付的标的物的质量仍然应当符合同种物的通常标准。
Article 169 Latent Defect in Sample
In a sale by sample, if the buyer was not aware of a latent defect in the sample, the subject matter delivered by the seller shall nevertheless comply with the normal quality standard for a like item, even though the subject matter delivered complies with the sample.


第一百七十条 试用买卖的当事人可以约定标的物的试用期间。对试用期间没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，由出卖人确定。
Article 170 Sale by Trial
In a sale by trial, the parties may prescribe the trial period. Where a trial period was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, it shall be determined by the seller.

第一百七十一条 试用买卖的买受人在试用期内可以购买标的物，也可以拒绝购买。试用期间届满，买受人对是否购买标的物未作表示的，视为购买。
Article 171 Purchase or Rejection During Trial Period
In a sale by trial, the buyer may either purchase or reject the subject matter during the trial period. At the end of the trial period, the buyer is deemed to have made the purchase if it fails to manifest its intention to purchase or reject the subject matter.

第一百七十二条 招标投标买卖的当事人的权利和义务以及招标投标程序等，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定。
Article 172 Sale by Tender Governed by Relevant Laws
In a sale by tender, matters such as the rights and obligations of the parties and the tendering procedure, etc. are governed by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第一百七十三条 拍卖的当事人的权利和义务以及拍卖程序等，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定。
Article 173 Sale by Auction Governed by Relevant Laws
In a sale by auction, matters such as the rights and obligations of the parties and the auctioning procedure, etc. are governed by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

第一百七十四条 法律对其他有偿合同有规定的，依照其规定；没有规定的，参照买卖合同的有关规定。
Article 174 General Applicability to Contracts for Value
For any other contract for value, if the law provides for such contract, such provisions apply; absent any such provision, reference shall be made to the relevant provisions governing sales contracts.

第一百七十五条 当事人约定易货交易，转移标的物的所有权的，参照买卖合同的有关规定。
Article 175 Applicability to Barter Transaction
Where the parties agree on a barter transaction involving transfer of title to the subject matters, such transaction shall be governed by reference to the relevant provisions governing sales contracts.

第十章 供用电、水、气、热力合同
Chapter Ten: Contracts for Supply of Power, Water, Gas , Or Heat

第一百七十六条 供用电合同是供电人向用电人供电，用电人支付电费的合同。
Article 176 Definition of Power Supply Contract
A power supply contract is a contract whereby the power supplier supplies power to the power customer, who pays the electricity charge.

第一百七十七条 供用电合同的内容包括供电的方式、质量、时间，用电容量、地址、性质，计量方式，电价、电费的结算方式，供用电设施的维护责任等条款。
Article 177 Terms of Power Supply Contract
A power supply contract includes terms such as the method, quality, and time of power supply, and the capacity, location and nature of power use, and the metering method, electricity rate, the method of settlement of electricity charge, and the responsibility for maintenance of the power supply and power use facilities, etc.

第一百七十八条 供用电合同的履行地点，按照当事人约定；当事人没有约定或者约定不明确的，供电设施的产权分界处为履行地点。
Article 178 Place of Performance of Power Supply Contract
The place of performance of a power supply contract shall be the place prescribed by the parties, and if not prescribed or clearly prescribed, the place of performance shall be the boundary where ownership of the power supply facilities is divided.

第一百七十九条 供电人应当按照国家规定的供电质量标准和约定安全供电。供电人未按照国家规定的供电质量标准和约定安全供电，造成用电人损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 179 Obligations of Power Supplier
The power supplier shall supply power in a safe manner in accordance with the power supply quality standard mandated by the state and in accordance with the contract. Where the power supplier failed to supply power in a safe manner in accordance with the power supply quality standard mandated by the state and in accordance with the contract, thereby causing loss to the power customer, it shall be liable for damages.

第一百八十条 供电人因供电设施计划检修、临时检修、依法限电或者用电人违法用电等原因，需要中断供电时，应当按照国家有关规定事先通知用电人。未事先通知用电人中断供电，造成用电人损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 180 Obligation to Notify in Case of Scheduled Suspension
Where the power supplier needs to suspend power supply due to reasons such as periodical maintenance or provisional maintenance of the power supply facilities, legally required power rationing, or illegal use of power by the power customer, etc., it shall notify the power customer in advance in accordance with the relevant stipulations of the state.
Where the power supplier suspended power supply without notifying the power customer in advance, thereby causing loss to the power customer, it shall be liable for damages.

第一百八十一条 因自然灾害等原因断电，供电人应当按照国家有关规定及时抢修。未及时抢修，造成用电人损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 181 Obligation to Make Emergency Repair in Case of Power Outage
Where a power outage is caused by reasons such as natural disasters, etc., the power supplier shall timely make emergency repair in accordance with the relevant stipulations of the state. Where the power supplier failed to timely make emergency repair, thereby causing loss to the power customer, it shall be liable for damages.
.
第一百八十二条 用电人应当按照国家有关规定和当事人的约定及时交付电费。用电人逾期不交付电费的，应当按照约定支付违约金。经催告用电人在合理期限内仍不交付电费和违约金的，供电人可以按照国家规定的程序中止供电。
Article 182 Payment of Electricity Charge
The power customer shall timely pay the electricity charge in accordance with the relevant stipulations of the state and in accordance with the contract. Where the power customer delayed in paying the electricity charge, it shall pay liquidated damages in accordance with the contract. Where the power customer failed to pay the electricity charge and liquidated
damages within a reasonable time after receiving demand for payment, the power supplier may shut off the power supply in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the state

第一百八十三条 用电人应当按照国家有关规定和当事人的约定安全用电。用电人未按照国家有关规定和当事人的约定安全用电，造成供电人损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 183 Power Customer’s Obligation of Proper Use
The power customer shall use power in a safe manner in accordance with the relevant stipulations of the state and in accordance with the contract. Where the power customer failed to use power in a safe manner in accordance with the relevant stipulations of the state and in accordance with the contract, thereby causing loss to the power supplier, it shall be liable for damages.

第一百八十四条 供用水、供用气、供用热力合同，参照供用电合同的有关规定。
Article 184 Applicability to Contract for Supply of Water, Gas or Heat
A contract for the supply of water, gas or heat shall be governed by reference to the relevant provisions governing power supply contracts.

第十一章 赠与合同
Chapter Eleven: Gift Contracts

第一百八十五条 赠与合同是赠与人将自己的财产无偿给予受赠人，受赠人表示接受赠与的合同。
Article 185 Definition of Gift Contract
A gift contract is a contract whereby the donor conveys his property to the donee without reward and the donee manifests his acceptance of the gift.

第一百八十六条 赠与人在赠与财产的权利转移之前可以撤销赠与。具有救灾、扶贫等社会公益、道德义务性质的赠与合同或者经过公证的赠与合同，不适用前款规定。
Article 186 Revocation Prior to Transfer of Rights; Exception
Prior to the transfer of rights to the gift property, the donor may revoke the gift.
The previous paragraph does not apply to any gift contract the nature of which serves public interests or fulfills a moral obligation, such as disaster relief, poverty relief, etc., or any gift contract which has been notarized.

第一百八十七条 赠与的财产依法需要办理登记等手续的，应当办理有关手续。
Article 187 Observance of Conveyance Procedure
Where conveyance of the gift property is subject to any procedure such as registration, etc. under the law, the relevant procedure shall be carried out.

第一百八十八条 具有救灾、扶贫等社会公益、道德义务性质的赠与合同或者经过公证的赠与合同，赠与人不交付赠与的财产的，受赠人可以要求交付。
Article 188 Donee’s Right to Require Delivery in Certain Cases
In the case of a gift contract the nature of which serves public interests or fulfills a moral obligation, such as disaster relief, poverty relief, etc., or a gift contract which has been notarized, if the donor fails to deliver the gift property, the donee may require delivery.

第一百八十九条 因赠与人故意或者重大过失致使赠与的财产毁损、灭失的，赠与人应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 189 Liability of Donor for Misconduct or Gross Negligence
Where the gift property is damaged or lost due to any intentional misconduct or gross negligence of the donor, he shall be liable for damages.

第一百九十条 赠与可以附义务。赠与附义务的，受赠人应当按照约定履行义务。
Article 190 Gift May Be Subject to Obligations
A gift may be subject to obligations.
Where the gift is subject to obligations, the donee shall perform his obligations in accordance with the contract.

第一百九十一条 赠与的财产有瑕疵的，赠与人不承担责任。附义务的赠与，赠与的财产有瑕疵的，赠与人在附义务的限度内承担与出卖人相同的责任。赠与人故意不告知瑕疵或者保证无瑕疵，造成受赠人损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 191 Donor Not Liable for Defect; Exceptions
The donor is not liable for any defect in the gift property. Where the gift is subject to obligations, and the gift property is defective, the donor has the same warranty obligations as a seller to the extent of the prescribed obligations.
Where the donor intentionally omitted to inform the donee of the defect or warranted the absence of any defect, thereby causing loss to the donee, he shall be liable for damages.

第一百九十二条 受赠人有下列情形之一的，赠与人可以撤销赠与：
（一）严重侵害赠与人或者赠与人的近亲属；
（二）对赠与人有扶养义务而不履行；
（三）不履行赠与合同约定的义务。
赠与人的撤销权，自知道或者应当知道撤销原因之日起一年内行使。
Article 192 Circumstances Giving Rise to Revocation Right
Where the donee is in any of the following circumstances, the donor may revoke the gift:
(i) seriously harming the donor or any immediate family member thereof;
(ii) failing to perform support obligations owed to the donor;
(iii) failing to perform the obligations under the gift contract.
The donor shall exercise his revocation right within one year after he became, or should have become, aware of the cause for revocation.

第一百九十三条 因受赠人的违法行为致使赠与人死亡或者丧失民事行为能力的，赠与人的继承人或者法定代理人可以撤销赠与。赠与人的继承人或者法定代理人的撤销权，自知道或者应当知道撤销原因之日起六个月内行使。
Article 193 Exercise of Revocation Right by Heir
Where the donor is deceased or incapacitated due to the donee’s illegal act, his heir or legal agent may revoke the gift.
The heir or legal agent of the donor shall exercise the right of revocation within six months after he became, or should have become, aware of the cause for revocation.

第一百九十四条 撤销权人撤销赠与的，可以向受赠人要求返还赠与的财产。
Article 194 Remedies in Case of Revocation
Upon revocation of the gift, the person with the revocation right may claim restitution of the gift property from the donee.

第一百九十五条 赠与人的经济状况显著恶化，严重影响其生产经营或者家庭生活的，可以不再履行赠与义务。
Article 195 Economic Hardship Releases Gift Obligation
If the donor’s economic situation has deteriorated significantly, thereby seriously impacting on his business operation or family life, he may be released from the gift obligations.

第十二章 借款合同
Chapter Twelve: Contracts for Loan of Money

第一百九十六条 借款合同是借款人向贷款人借款，到期返还借款并支付利息的合同。
Article 196 Definition of Contract for Loan of Money
A contract for loan of money is a contract whereby the borrower borrows a sum of money from the lender, and returns the sum borrowed and pays interest thereon at the prescribed time.

第一百九十七条 借款合同采用书面形式，但自然人之间借款另有约定的除外。
借款合同的内容包括借款种类、币种、用途、数额、利率、期限和还款方式等条款。
Article 197 Writing Requirement; Terms
A contract for loan of money shall be in writing, except where the loan is between natural persons who have agreed otherwise.
A contract for loan of money includes terms such as the loan’s type, currency, purpose, amount, interest rate, term and method of repayment, etc.

第一百九十八条 订立借款合同，贷款人可以要求借款人提供担保。担保依照《中华人民共和国担保法》的规定。
Article 198 Assurance by Borrower
In entering into a contract for loan of money, the lender may require the borrower to provide assurance. Such assurance shall be arranged in accordance with the Security Law of the People’s Republic of China.

第一百九十九条 订立借款合同，借款人应当按照贷款人的要求提供与借款有关的业务活动和财务状况的真实情况。
Article 199 Borrower’s Disclosure Obligation
In entering into a contract for loan of money, the borrower shall provide true information concerning its business operation and financial condition in connection with the loan as required by the lender.

第二百条 借款的利息不得预先在本金中扣除。利息预先在本金中扣除的，应当按照实际借款数额返还借款并计算利息。
Article 200 Deduction of Interest in Advance Prohibited
No interest shall be deducted from the principal in advance.
Where any interest amount is deducted from the principal in advance, the repayment of principal and calculation of interest shall be based on the actual amount borrowed.

第二百零一条 贷款人未按照约定的日期、数额提供借款，造成借款人损失的，应当赔偿损失。借款人未按照约定的日期、数额收取借款的，应当按照约定的日期、数额支付利息。
Article 201 Remedies in Case of Failure to Make Loan Amount Available Or Failure to Draw Down
Where the lender failed to make the loan amount available on the prescribed date and in the prescribed amount, thereby causing loss to the borrower, it shall pay damages.
Where the borrower failed to draw down on the prescribed date and in the prescribed amount, it shall nevertheless pay the interest on the prescribed date and in the prescribed amount.

第二百零二条 贷款人按照约定可以检查、监督借款的使用情况。借款人应当按照约定向贷款人定期提供有关财务会计报表等资料。
Article 202 Lender Entitled to Monitor Use of Proceeds
The lender may examine and monitor the application of the proceeds in accordance with the contract. The borrower shall periodically provide the lender with materials such as related financial and accounting reports, etc. in accordance with the contract.

第二百零三条 借款人未按照约定的借款用途使用借款的，贷款人可以停止发放借款、提前收回借款或者解除合同。
Article 203 Lender’s Remedies in Case of Borrower’s Misuse of Proceeds
Where the borrower fails to use the proceeds for the prescribed purpose, the lender may withhold funding, call the loan, or terminate the contract.

第二百零四条 办理贷款业务的金融机构贷款的利率，应当按照中国人民银行规定的贷款利率的上下限确定。
Article 204 Minimum and Maximum Interest Rates
The interest rate on the loan provided by a financial institution engaged in lending operation shall be prescribed between the minimum and maximum rates mandated by the People’s Bank of China.

第二百零五条 借款人应当按照约定的期限支付利息。对支付利息的期限没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定，借款期间不满一年的，应当在返还借款时一并支付；借款期间一年以上的，应当在每届满一年时支付，剩余期间不满一年的，应当在返还借款时一并支付。
Article 205 Time of Interest Payment
The borrower shall pay the interest at the prescribed time.
Where the time of interest payment was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, if the loan term is less than one year, the interest shall be paid together with the principal at the time of repayment; if the loan term is one year or longer, the interest shall be paid at the end of each annual period, and where the remaining period is less than one year, the interest shall be paid together with the principal at the time of repayment.

第二百零六条 借款人应当按照约定的期限返还借款。对借款期限没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，借款人可以随时返还；贷款人可以催告借款人在合理期限内返还。
Article 206 Time of Principal Repayment
The borrower shall repay the principal at the prescribed time.
Where the time of repayment was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, the borrower may repay at any time; and the lender may demand repayment from the borrower within a reasonable time.

第二百零七条 借款人未按照约定的期限返还借款的，应当按照约定或者国家有关规定支付逾期利息。
Article 207 Delayed Repayment Interest
Where the borrower failed to repay the loan at the prescribed time, it shall pay delayed repayment interest in accordance with the contract or the relevant stipulations of the state.

第二百零八条 借款人提前偿还借款的，除当事人另有约定的以外，应当按照实际借款的期间计算利息。
Article 208 Calculation of Interest in Case of Prepayment
Where the borrower prepays the loan, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the interest shall be calculated based on the actual period of loan.

第二百零九条 借款人可以在还款期限届满之前向贷款人申请展期。贷款人同意的，可以展期。
Article 209 Extension of Loan Term
The borrower may apply to the lender for extension of the loan term before its maturity. Upon consent by the lender, the loan term may be extended.

第二百一十条 自然人之间的借款合同，自贷款人提供借款时生效。
Article 210 Time of Effectiveness of Loan Contract between Natural Persons
A contract for loan of money between natural persons becomes effective at the time the lender makes the loan amount available.

第二百一十一条 自然人之间的借款合同对支付利息没有约定或者约定不明确的，视为不支付利息。自然人之间的借款合同约定支付利息的，借款的利率不得违反国家有关限制借款利率的规定。
Article 211 Interest under Loan Contract between Natural Persons
Under a contract for loan of money between natural persons, if payment of interest was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, the loan is deemed interest free.
Under a contract for loan of money between natural persons, the interest rate on the loan may not contravene the relevant stipulations of the state regarding limit on loan interest rate.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第十三章 租赁合同
Chapter Thirteen: Leasing Contracts

第二百一十二条 租赁合同是出租人将租赁物交付承租人使用、收益，承租人支付租金的合同。
Article 212 Definition of Leasing Contract
A leasing contract is a contract whereby the lessor delivers to the lessee the lease item for it to use or accrue benefit from, and the lessee pays the rent.


第二百一十三条 租赁合同的内容包括租赁物的名称、数量、用途、租赁期限、租金及其支付期限和方式、租赁物维修等条款。
Article 213 Terms of Leasing Contract
A leasing contract includes terms such as the name, quantity and purpose of the lease item, lease term, amount of rent, time and method of rent payment, as well as maintenance and repair of the lease item, etc.

第二百一十四条 租赁期限不得超过二十年。超过二十年的，超过部分无效。租赁期间届满，当事人可以续订租赁合同，但约定的租赁期限自续订之日起不得超过二十年。
Article 214 Limit on Lease Term; Renewal
The lease term may not exceed twenty years. If the lease term exceeds twenty years, the portion of the lease term beyond the initial twenty year period is invalid.
At the end of the lease term, the parties may renew the lease, provided that the renewed term may not exceed twenty years commencing on the date of renewal.

第二百一十五条 租赁期限六个月以上的，应当采用书面形式。当事人未采用书面形式的，视为不定期租赁。
Article 215 Writing Requirement in Case Lease Term Is Six Months or Longer
Where the lease term is six months or longer, the lease shall be in writing. If the parties fail to adopt a writing, the lease is deemed a non-term lease.

第二百一十六条 出租人应当按照约定将租赁物交付承租人，并在租赁期间保持租赁物符合约定的用途。
Article 216 Lessor’s Obligation to Deliver Lease Item
The lessor shall deliver the lease item to the lessee in accordance with the contract and shall, during the lease term, keep the lease item fit for the prescribed purpose.

第二百一十七条 承租人应当按照约定的方法使用租赁物。对租赁物的使用方法没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，应当按照租赁物的性质使用。
Article 217 Manner of Using Lease Item
The lessee shall use the lease item in the prescribed manner.
Where the manner of use of the lease item was not prescribed or clearly prescribed, and cannot be determined in accordance with Article 61 hereof, the lease item shall be used in a manner consistent with its nature.

第二百一十八条 承租人按照约定的方法或者租赁物的性质使用租赁物，致使租赁物受到损耗的，不承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 218 Lessee Not Liable for Wear and Tear
Where the lessee used the lease item in the prescribed manner or in a manner consistent with its nature, thereby causing wear and tear to the lease item, it is not liable for damages.

第二百一十九条 承租人未按照约定的方法或者租赁物的性质使用租赁物，致使租赁物受到损失的，出租人可以解除合同并要求赔偿损失。
Article 219 Lessor Entitled to Terminate in Case of Unauthorized Use
Where the lessee failed to use the lease item in the prescribed manner or in a manner consistent with its nature, thereby causing damage to it, the lessor may terminate the contract and claim damages.

第二百二十条 出租人应当履行租赁物的维修义务，但当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 220 Lessor’s Maintenance Obligations
The lessor shall perform the obligations of maintenance and repair of the lease item, except otherwise agreed by the parties.

第二百二十一条 承租人在租赁物需要维修时可以要求出租人在合理期限内维修。出租人未履行维修义务的，承租人可以自行维修，维修费用由出租人负担。因维修租赁物影响承租人使用的，应当相应减少租金或者延长租期。
Article 221 Lessee’s Remedies in Case of Lessor’s Failure to Maintain Lease Item
Where the lease item needs maintenance or repair, the lessee may require the lessor to perform maintenance or repair within a reasonable time. If the lessor fails to fulfill its obligations of maintenance or repair, the lessee may maintain or repair the lease item on its own at the lessor’s expense. Where the lessee’s use of the lease item is impaired due to maintenance or repair thereof, the rent shall be reduced or the lease term shall be extended accordingly.

第二百二十二条 承租人应当妥善保管租赁物，因保管不善造成租赁物毁损、灭失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Article 222 Lessee’s Obligation of Due Care
The lessee shall keep the lease item with due care and shall be liable for damages if the lease item was damaged or lost due to improper care.

第二百二十三条 承租人经出租人同意，可以对租赁物进行改善或者增设他物。
承租人未经出租人同意，对租赁物进行改善或者增设他物的，出租人可以要求承租人恢复原状或者赔偿损失。
Article 223 Improvement or Addition
Subject to consent by the lessor, the lessee may make improvement on or addition to the lease item. If the lessee made improvement on or addition to the lease item without consent by the lessor, the lessor may require the lessee to restore the lease item to its original condition or claim damages.

第二百二十四条 承租人经出租人同意，可以将租赁物转租给第三人。承租人转租的，承租人与出租人之间的租赁合同继续有效，第三人对租赁物造成损失的，承租人应当赔偿损失。承租人未经出租人同意转租的，出租人可以解除合同。
Article 224 Sublease
Subject to consent by the lessor, the lessee may sublease the lease item to a third person. Where the lessee subleases the lease item, the leasing contract between the lessee and the lessor remains valid, and if the third person causes damage to the lease item, the lessee shall pay damages.
Where the lessee subleases the lease item without the consent of the lessor, the lessor may terminate the contract.

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